Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	19
Number of observations	4724
Missing cells	4289
Missing cells (%)	4.8%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	701.3 KiB
Average record size in memory	152.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	10
Text	4
Categorical	5

Alerts

`Category` is highly overall correlated with `Source`	High correlation
`Google WC` is highly overall correlated with `Joon WC v1`	High correlation
`Joon WC v1` is highly overall correlated with `Google WC`	High correlation
`Sentence Count v1` is highly overall correlated with `Sentence Count v2`	High correlation
`Sentence Count v2` is highly overall correlated with `Sentence Count v1`	High correlation
`Source` is highly overall correlated with `Category`	High correlation
`Source` is highly imbalanced (51.3%)	Imbalance
`MPAA Max` is highly imbalanced (57.6%)	Imbalance
`British Words` has 4280 (90.6%) missing values	Missing
`ID` has unique values	Unique
`Excerpt` has unique values	Unique
`BT Easiness` has unique values	Unique
`BT s.e.` has unique values	Unique
`British WC` has 4280 (90.6%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2023-12-04 14:27:23.570362
Analysis finished	2023-12-04 14:27:47.719344
Duration	24.15 seconds
Software version	ydata-profiling vv4.6.2
Download configuration	config.json

ID
Real number (ℝ)

UNIQUE

Distinct	4724
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4366.3472

Minimum	400
Maximum	8031
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	400
5-th percentile	1215.15
Q1	2769.75
median	4483.5
Q3	5939.25
95-th percentile	7239.7
Maximum	8031
Range	7631
Interquartile range (IQR)	3169.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1896.3637
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.43431354
Kurtosis	-1.0449349
Mean	4366.3472
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1606.5
Skewness	-0.092433569
Sum	20626624
Variance	3596195.3
Monotonicity	Strictly increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
400	1	< 0.1%
5460	1	< 0.1%
5477	1	< 0.1%
5476	1	< 0.1%
5475	1	< 0.1%
5474	1	< 0.1%
5473	1	< 0.1%
5472	1	< 0.1%
5471	1	< 0.1%
5470	1	< 0.1%
Other values (4714)	4714	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
400	1	< 0.1%
401	1	< 0.1%
402	1	< 0.1%
403	1	< 0.1%
404	1	< 0.1%
405	1	< 0.1%
406	1	< 0.1%
407	1	< 0.1%
408	1	< 0.1%
409	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8031	1	< 0.1%
8030	1	< 0.1%
8029	1	< 0.1%
8028	1	< 0.1%
8027	1	< 0.1%
8026	1	< 0.1%
8025	1	< 0.1%
8024	1	< 0.1%
8023	1	< 0.1%
8022	1	< 0.1%

Author
Text

Distinct	2409
Distinct (%)	51.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Length

Max length	268
Median length	167
Mean length	18.862828
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	89108
Distinct characters	100
Distinct categories	11 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	3 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	1947 ?
Unique (%)	41.2%

Sample

1st row	Carolyn Wells
2nd row	Carolyn Wells
3rd row	Carolyn Wells
4th row	CHARLES KINGSLEY
5th row	Charles Kingsley

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	448	3.1%
wiki	276	1.9%
simple	275	1.9%
wikipedia	274	1.9%
a	191	1.3%
m	168	1.2%
and	148	1.0%
h	141	1.0%
by	141	1.0%
e	141	1.0%
Other values (4315)	12282	84.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	9631	10.8%
e	6928	7.8%
a	6484	7.3%
i	5786	6.5%
r	4787	5.4%
n	4430	5.0%
o	3827	4.3%
l	3530	4.0%
s	3011	3.4%
t	2996	3.4%
Other values (90)	37698	42.3%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	58083	65.2%
Uppercase Letter	16926	19.0%
Space Separator	9631	10.8%
Other Punctuation	3592	4.0%
Control	387	0.4%
Decimal Number	256	0.3%
Dash Punctuation	139	0.2%
Close Punctuation	31	< 0.1%
Open Punctuation	31	< 0.1%
Math Symbol	24	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6928	11.9%
a	6484	11.2%
i	5786	10.0%
r	4787	8.2%
n	4430	7.6%
o	3827	6.6%
l	3530	6.1%
s	3011	5.2%
t	2996	5.2%
d	2077	3.6%
Other values (34)	14227	24.5%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
A	1453	8.6%
M	1268	7.5%
S	1246	7.4%
E	1197	7.1%
C	962	5.7%
H	938	5.5%
R	934	5.5%
L	918	5.4%
B	823	4.9%
T	743	4.4%
Other values (19)	6444	38.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	102	39.8%
2	38	14.8%
9	34	13.3%
4	33	12.9%
5	11	4.3%
3	9	3.5%
6	8	3.1%
8	7	2.7%
7	7	2.7%
0	7	2.7%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	2299	64.0%
,	715	19.9%
?	299	8.3%
&	175	4.9%
;	48	1.3%
'	34	0.9%
"	18	0.5%
:	4	0.1%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
>	8	33.3%
+	8	33.3%
<	8	33.3%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	9631	100.0%

Control

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	387	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	139	100.0%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	31	100.0%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	31	100.0%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	8	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	75009	84.2%
Common	14099	15.8%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6928	9.2%
a	6484	8.6%
i	5786	7.7%
r	4787	6.4%
n	4430	5.9%
o	3827	5.1%
l	3530	4.7%
s	3011	4.0%
t	2996	4.0%
d	2077	2.8%
Other values (63)	31153	41.5%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	9631	68.3%
.	2299	16.3%
,	715	5.1%
	387	2.7%
?	299	2.1%
&	175	1.2%
-	139	1.0%
1	102	0.7%
;	48	0.3%
2	38	0.3%
Other values (17)	266	1.9%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	88946	99.8%
None	154	0.2%
Punctuation	8	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	9631	10.8%
e	6928	7.8%
a	6484	7.3%
i	5786	6.5%
r	4787	5.4%
n	4430	5.0%
o	3827	4.3%
l	3530	4.0%
s	3011	3.4%
t	2996	3.4%
Other values (68)	37536	42.2%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
é	55	35.7%
í	15	9.7%
á	13	8.4%
ö	12	7.8%
ä	8	5.2%
ñ	8	5.2%
ó	7	4.5%
ü	6	3.9%
è	5	3.2%
ú	4	2.6%
Other values (11)	21	13.6%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	8	100.0%

Title
Text

Distinct	4658
Distinct (%)	98.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Length

Max length	189
Median length	107
Mean length	27.504869
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	129933
Distinct characters	101
Distinct categories	13 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	3 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	4612 ?
Unique (%)	97.6%

Sample

1st row	Patty's Suitors
2nd row	Two Little Women on a Holiday
3rd row	Patty Blossom
4th row	THE WATER-BABIES A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby
5th row	HOW THE ARGONAUTS WERE DRIVEN INTO THE UNKNOWN SEA

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
the	2483	11.4%
of	1006	4.6%
and	653	3.0%
a	549	2.5%
in	332	1.5%
to	243	1.1%
how	195	0.9%
on	159	0.7%
story	146	0.7%
for	129	0.6%
Other values (6670)	15920	73.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	17392	13.4%
e	9274	7.1%
o	6148	4.7%
a	5781	4.4%
n	5463	4.2%
t	5350	4.1%
i	5315	4.1%
r	5300	4.1%
T	4179	3.2%
s	4155	3.2%
Other values (91)	61576	47.4%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	68795	52.9%
Uppercase Letter	40432	31.1%
Space Separator	17392	13.4%
Other Punctuation	1836	1.4%
Dash Punctuation	359	0.3%
Control	353	0.3%
Connector Punctuation	309	0.2%
Decimal Number	220	0.2%
Final Punctuation	114	0.1%
Close Punctuation	42	< 0.1%
Other values (3)	81	0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	9274	13.5%
o	6148	8.9%
a	5781	8.4%
n	5463	7.9%
t	5350	7.8%
i	5315	7.7%
r	5300	7.7%
s	4155	6.0%
h	3552	5.2%
l	3040	4.4%
Other values (21)	15417	22.4%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
T	4179	10.3%
E	3695	9.1%
A	3233	8.0%
S	2887	7.1%
I	2356	5.8%
O	2349	5.8%
R	2342	5.8%
H	2240	5.5%
N	2163	5.3%
C	1729	4.3%
Other values (20)	13259	32.8%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
'	467	25.4%
.	364	19.8%
,	295	16.1%
:	275	15.0%
?	236	12.9%
"	90	4.9%
!	63	3.4%
;	25	1.4%
&	8	0.4%
%	5	0.3%
Other values (2)	8	0.4%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	65	29.5%
2	32	14.5%
0	24	10.9%
3	20	9.1%
9	20	9.1%
4	17	7.7%
8	15	6.8%
7	13	5.9%
6	7	3.2%
5	7	3.2%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
+	3	37.5%
>	2	25.0%
<	2	25.0%
×	1	12.5%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	313	87.2%
—	40	11.1%
–	6	1.7%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	84	73.7%
”	30	26.3%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	39	92.9%
]	3	7.1%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	39	92.9%
[	3	7.1%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
“	30	96.8%
‘	1	3.2%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	17392	100.0%

Control

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	353	100.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	309	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	109227	84.1%
Common	20706	15.9%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	9274	8.5%
o	6148	5.6%
a	5781	5.3%
n	5463	5.0%
t	5350	4.9%
i	5315	4.9%
r	5300	4.9%
T	4179	3.8%
s	4155	3.8%
E	3695	3.4%
Other values (51)	54567	50.0%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	17392	84.0%
'	467	2.3%
.	364	1.8%
	353	1.7%
-	313	1.5%
_	309	1.5%
,	295	1.4%
:	275	1.3%
?	236	1.1%
"	90	0.4%
Other values (30)	612	3.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	129717	99.8%
Punctuation	194	0.1%
None	22	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	17392	13.4%
e	9274	7.1%
o	6148	4.7%
a	5781	4.5%
n	5463	4.2%
t	5350	4.1%
i	5315	4.1%
r	5300	4.1%
T	4179	3.2%
s	4155	3.2%
Other values (74)	61360	47.3%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	84	43.3%
—	40	20.6%
”	30	15.5%
“	30	15.5%
–	6	3.1%
…	3	1.5%
‘	1	0.5%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Æ	5	22.7%
æ	5	22.7%
é	4	18.2%
Ö	2	9.1%
Î	1	4.5%
ö	1	4.5%
×	1	4.5%
É	1	4.5%
ü	1	4.5%
à	1	4.5%

Source
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION IMBALANCE

Distinct	19
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

gutenberg	2916
kids.frontiersin	458
commonlit	296
simple.wikipedia	275
wikipedia	274
Other values (14)	505

Length

Max length	18
Median length	9
Mean length	10.768628
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	50871
Distinct characters	28
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	3 ?
Unique (%)	0.1%

Sample

1st row	gutenberg
2nd row	gutenberg
3rd row	gutenberg
4th row	gutenberg
5th row	gutenberg

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
gutenberg	2916	61.7%
kids.frontiersin	458	9.7%
commonlit	296	6.3%
simple.wikipedia	275	5.8%
wikipedia	274	5.8%
africanstorybook	250	5.3%
online-literature	95	2.0%
digitallibrary	61	1.3%
freekidsbooks	50	1.1%
static.ehe.osu.edu	16	0.3%
Other values (9)	33	0.7%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
gutenberg	2916	61.7%
kids.frontiersin	458	9.7%
commonlit	296	6.3%
simple.wikipedia	275	5.8%
wikipedia	274	5.8%
africanstorybook	250	5.3%
online-literature	95	2.0%
digitallibrary	61	1.3%
freekidsbooks	50	1.1%
static.ehe.osu.edu	16	0.3%
Other values (9)	33	0.7%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	7573	14.9%
g	5906	11.6%
r	4703	9.2%
n	4583	9.0%
i	4318	8.5%
t	4204	8.3%
b	3294	6.5%
u	3057	6.0%
o	2067	4.1%
s	1590	3.1%
Other values (18)	9576	18.8%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	49963	98.2%
Other Punctuation	805	1.6%
Dash Punctuation	95	0.2%
Decimal Number	8	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	7573	15.2%
g	5906	11.8%
r	4703	9.4%
n	4583	9.2%
i	4318	8.6%
t	4204	8.4%
b	3294	6.6%
u	3057	6.1%
o	2067	4.1%
s	1590	3.2%
Other values (14)	8668	17.3%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	4	50.0%
2	4	50.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	805	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	95	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	49963	98.2%
Common	908	1.8%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	7573	15.2%
g	5906	11.8%
r	4703	9.4%
n	4583	9.2%
i	4318	8.6%
t	4204	8.4%
b	3294	6.6%
u	3057	6.1%
o	2067	4.1%
s	1590	3.2%
Other values (14)	8668	17.3%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	805	88.7%
-	95	10.5%
1	4	0.4%
2	4	0.4%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	50871	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	7573	14.9%
g	5906	11.6%
r	4703	9.2%
n	4583	9.0%
i	4318	8.5%
t	4204	8.3%
b	3294	6.5%
u	3057	6.0%
o	2067	4.1%
s	1590	3.1%
Other values (18)	9576	18.8%

Pub Year
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	168
Distinct (%)	3.6%
Missing	9
Missing (%)	0.2%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1937.887

Minimum	1728
Maximum	2020
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1728
5-th percentile	1867
Q1	1884
median	1915
Q3	2016
95-th percentile	2020
Maximum	2020
Range	292
Interquartile range (IQR)	132

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	60.506795
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.031223078
Kurtosis	-1.4246343
Mean	1937.887
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	35
Skewness	0.35347988
Sum	9137137
Variance	3661.0723
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2020	592	12.5%
2019	241	5.1%
2017	167	3.5%
1915	160	3.4%
1881	153	3.2%
2018	151	3.2%
1883	148	3.1%
1882	138	2.9%
1922	128	2.7%
1914	120	2.5%
Other values (158)	2717	57.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1728	1	< 0.1%
1761	1	< 0.1%
1781	1	< 0.1%
1789	1	< 0.1%
1791	3	0.1%
1792	1	< 0.1%
1811	1	< 0.1%
1812	1	< 0.1%
1813	2	< 0.1%
1814	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2020	592	12.5%
2019	241	5.1%
2018	151	3.2%
2017	167	3.5%
2016	111	2.3%
2015	95	2.0%
2014	112	2.4%
2013	39	0.8%
2012	10	0.2%
2011	7	0.1%

Category
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Lit	2420
Info	2304

Length

Max length	4
Median length	3
Mean length	3.4877223
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	16476
Distinct characters	7
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Lit
2nd row	Lit
3rd row	Lit
4th row	Lit
5th row	Lit

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lit	2420	51.2%
Info	2304	48.8%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
lit	2420	51.2%
info	2304	48.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
L	2420	14.7%
i	2420	14.7%
t	2420	14.7%
I	2304	14.0%
n	2304	14.0%
f	2304	14.0%
o	2304	14.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	11752	71.3%
Uppercase Letter	4724	28.7%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	2420	20.6%
t	2420	20.6%
n	2304	19.6%
f	2304	19.6%
o	2304	19.6%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
L	2420	51.2%
I	2304	48.8%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	16476	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
L	2420	14.7%
i	2420	14.7%
t	2420	14.7%
I	2304	14.0%
n	2304	14.0%
f	2304	14.0%
o	2304	14.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	16476	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
L	2420	14.7%
i	2420	14.7%
t	2420	14.7%
I	2304	14.0%
n	2304	14.0%
f	2304	14.0%
o	2304	14.0%

Location
Categorical

Distinct	4
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

mid	3470
start	1024
whole	122
end	108

Length

Max length	5
Median length	3
Mean length	3.485182
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	16464
Distinct characters	13
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	mid
2nd row	mid
3rd row	mid
4th row	mid
5th row	mid

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
mid	3470	73.5%
start	1024	21.7%
whole	122	2.6%
end	108	2.3%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
mid	3470	73.5%
start	1024	21.7%
whole	122	2.6%
end	108	2.3%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
d	3578	21.7%
m	3470	21.1%
i	3470	21.1%
t	2048	12.4%
s	1024	6.2%
a	1024	6.2%
r	1024	6.2%
e	230	1.4%
w	122	0.7%
h	122	0.7%
Other values (3)	352	2.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	16464	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
d	3578	21.7%
m	3470	21.1%
i	3470	21.1%
t	2048	12.4%
s	1024	6.2%
a	1024	6.2%
r	1024	6.2%
e	230	1.4%
w	122	0.7%
h	122	0.7%
Other values (3)	352	2.1%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	16464	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
d	3578	21.7%
m	3470	21.1%
i	3470	21.1%
t	2048	12.4%
s	1024	6.2%
a	1024	6.2%
r	1024	6.2%
e	230	1.4%
w	122	0.7%
h	122	0.7%
Other values (3)	352	2.1%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	16464	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
d	3578	21.7%
m	3470	21.1%
i	3470	21.1%
t	2048	12.4%
s	1024	6.2%
a	1024	6.2%
r	1024	6.2%
e	230	1.4%
w	122	0.7%
h	122	0.7%
Other values (3)	352	2.1%

MPAA Max
Categorical

IMBALANCE

Distinct	4
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

G	3706
PG	928
PG-13	87
R	3

Length

Max length	5
Median length	1
Mean length	1.2701101
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	6000
Distinct characters	6
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	G
2nd row	PG
3rd row	PG
4th row	PG-13
5th row	PG

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
G	3706	78.5%
PG	928	19.6%
PG-13	87	1.8%
R	3	0.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
g	3706	78.5%
pg	928	19.6%
pg-13	87	1.8%
r	3	0.1%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
G	4721	78.7%
P	1015	16.9%
-	87	1.5%
1	87	1.5%
3	87	1.5%
R	3	< 0.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Uppercase Letter	5739	95.7%
Decimal Number	174	2.9%
Dash Punctuation	87	1.5%

Most frequent character per category

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
G	4721	82.3%
P	1015	17.7%
R	3	0.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	87	50.0%
3	87	50.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	87	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	5739	95.7%
Common	261	4.3%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
G	4721	82.3%
P	1015	17.7%
R	3	0.1%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	87	33.3%
1	87	33.3%
3	87	33.3%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	6000	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
G	4721	78.7%
P	1015	16.9%
-	87	1.5%
1	87	1.5%
3	87	1.5%
R	3	< 0.1%

Excerpt
Text

UNIQUE

Distinct	4724
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Length

Max length	1341
Median length	1111
Mean length	972.80356
Min length	667

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	4595524
Distinct characters	133
Distinct categories	18 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	3 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	4724 ?
Unique (%)	100.0%

Sample

1st row	When the young people returned to the ballroom, it presented a decidedly changed appearance. Instead of an interior scene, it was a winter landscape. The floor was covered with snow-white canvas, not laid on smoothly, but rumpled over bumps and hillocks, like a real snow field. The numerous palms and evergreens that had decorated the room, were powdered with flour and strewn with tufts of cotton, like snow. Also diamond dust had been lightly sprinkled on them, and glittering crystal icicles hung from the branches. At each end of the room, on the wall, hung a beautiful bear-skin rug. These rugs were for prizes, one for the girls and one for the boys. And this was the game. The girls were gathered at one end of the room and the boys at the other, and one end was called the North Pole, and the other the South Pole. Each player was given a small flag which they were to plant on reaching the Pole. This would have been an easy matter, but each traveller was obliged to wear snowshoes.
2nd row	All through dinner time, Mrs. Fayre was somewhat silent, her eyes resting on Dolly with a wistful, uncertain expression. She wanted to give the child the pleasure she craved, but she had hard work to bring herself to the point of overcoming her own objections. At last, however, when the meal was nearly over, she smiled at her little daughter, and said, "All right, Dolly, you may go." "Oh, mother!" Dolly cried, overwhelmed with sudden delight. "Really? Oh, I am so glad! Are you sure you're willing?" "I've persuaded myself to be willing, against my will," returned Mrs. Fayre, whimsically. "I confess I just hate to have you go, but I can't bear to deprive you of the pleasure trip. And, as you say, it would also keep Dotty at home, and so, altogether, I think I shall have to give in." "Oh, you angel mother! You blessed lady! How good you are!" And Dolly flew around the table and gave her mother a hug that nearly suffocated her.
3rd row	As Roger had predicted, the snow departed as quickly as it came, and two days after their sleigh ride there was scarcely a vestige of white on the ground. Tennis was again possible and a great game was in progress on the court at Pine Laurel. Patty and Roger were playing against Elise and Sam Blaney, and the pairs were well matched. But the long-contested victory finally went against Patty, and she laughingly accepted defeat. "Only because Patty's not quite back on her game yet," Roger defended; "this child has been on the sick list, you know, Sam, and she isn't up to her own mark." "Well, I like that!" cried Patty; "suppose you bear half the blame, Roger. You see, Mr. Blaney, he is so absorbed in his own Love Game, he can't play with his old-time skill." "All right, Patsy, let it go at that. And it's so, too. I suddenly remembered something Mona told me to tell you, and it affected my service."
4th row	Mr. Grimes was to come up next morning to Sir John Harthover's, at the Place, for his old chimney-sweep was gone to prison, and the chimneys wanted sweeping. And so he rode away, not giving Tom time to ask what the sweep had gone to prison for, which was a matter of interest to Tom, as he had been in prison once or twice himself. Moreover, the groom looked so very neat and clean, with his drab gaiters, drab breeches, drab jacket, snow-white tie with a smart pin in it, and clean round ruddy face, that Tom was offended and disgusted at his appearance, and considered him a stuck-up fellow, who gave himself airs because he wore smart clothes, and other people paid for them; and went behind the wall to fetch the half-brick after all; but did not, remembering that he had come in the way of business, and was, as it were, under a flag of truce.
5th row	And outside before the palace a great garden was walled round, filled full of stately fruit-trees, gray olives and sweet figs, and pomegranates, pears, and apples, which bore the whole year round. For the rich south-west wind fed them, till pear grew ripe on pear, fig on fig, and grape on grape, all the winter and the spring. And at the farther end gay flower-beds bloomed through all seasons of the year; and two fair fountains rose, and ran, one through the garden grounds, and one beneath the palace gate, to water all the town. Such noble gifts the heavens had given to Alcinous the wise. So they went in, and saw him sitting, like Poseidon, on his throne, with his golden sceptre by him, in garments stiff with gold, and in his hand a sculptured goblet, as he pledged the merchant kings; and beside him stood Arete, his wise and lovely queen, and leaned against a pillar as she spun her golden threads.

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
the	56066	6.8%
and	28015	3.4%
of	25157	3.1%
to	21457	2.6%
a	20137	2.5%
in	15331	1.9%
was	9619	1.2%
that	8857	1.1%
is	8825	1.1%
it	8437	1.0%
Other values (40071)	616942	75.3%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	807675	17.6%
e	457138	9.9%
t	324208	7.1%
a	293591	6.4%
o	271463	5.9%
n	247803	5.4%
i	234603	5.1%
s	229706	5.0%
r	217184	4.7%
h	212700	4.6%
Other values (123)	1299453	28.3%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	3549288	77.2%
Space Separator	807675	17.6%
Other Punctuation	125119	2.7%
Uppercase Letter	85116	1.9%
Decimal Number	9873	0.2%
Dash Punctuation	7356	0.2%
Control	7290	0.2%
Open Punctuation	1681	< 0.1%
Close Punctuation	1681	< 0.1%
Initial Punctuation	135	< 0.1%
Other values (8)	310	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	457138	12.9%
t	324208	9.1%
a	293591	8.3%
o	271463	7.6%
n	247803	7.0%
i	234603	6.6%
s	229706	6.5%
r	217184	6.1%
h	212700	6.0%
l	149711	4.2%
Other values (38)	911181	25.7%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
T	12969	15.2%
I	10272	12.1%
A	7247	8.5%
S	6221	7.3%
H	4951	5.8%
W	4381	5.1%
B	4341	5.1%
M	4250	5.0%
C	3668	4.3%
E	2816	3.3%
Other values (19)	24000	28.2%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
,	55380	44.3%
.	43132	34.5%
"	11634	9.3%
'	5571	4.5%
;	4121	3.3%
!	2214	1.8%
?	1699	1.4%
:	1083	0.9%
%	106	0.1%
/	106	0.1%
Other values (6)	73	0.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2370	24.0%
1	2047	20.7%
2	1025	10.4%
9	746	7.6%
5	721	7.3%
8	700	7.1%
3	667	6.8%
4	560	5.7%
6	527	5.3%
7	510	5.2%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
+	17	37.8%
=	8	17.8%
~	7	15.6%
×	7	15.6%
<	3	6.7%
±	2	4.4%
÷	1	2.2%

Other Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
½	34	73.9%
¼	6	13.0%
¹	4	8.7%
¾	2	4.3%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	5689	77.3%
—	1495	20.3%
–	172	2.3%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	1671	99.4%
[	10	0.6%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	1671	99.4%
]	10	0.6%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
‘	129	95.6%
“	6	4.4%

Currency Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
$	72	86.7%
£	11	13.3%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	43	87.8%
”	6	12.2%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	807675	100.0%

Control

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	7290	100.0%

Other Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
°	76	100.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	9	100.0%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
´	1	100.0%

Format

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	3634401	79.1%
Common	961123	20.9%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	457138	12.6%
t	324208	8.9%
a	293591	8.1%
o	271463	7.5%
n	247803	6.8%
i	234603	6.5%
s	229706	6.3%
r	217184	6.0%
h	212700	5.9%
l	149711	4.1%
Other values (66)	996294	27.4%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	807675	84.0%
,	55380	5.8%
.	43132	4.5%
"	11634	1.2%
	7290	0.8%
-	5689	0.6%
'	5571	0.6%
;	4121	0.4%
0	2370	0.2%
!	2214	0.2%
Other values (47)	16047	1.7%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	4593201	99.9%
Punctuation	1897	< 0.1%
None	426	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	807675	17.6%
e	457138	10.0%
t	324208	7.1%
a	293591	6.4%
o	271463	5.9%
n	247803	5.4%
i	234603	5.1%
s	229706	5.0%
r	217184	4.7%
h	212700	4.6%
Other values (78)	1297130	28.2%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
—	1495	78.8%
–	172	9.1%
‘	129	6.8%
’	43	2.3%
…	31	1.6%
•	15	0.8%
“	6	0.3%
”	6	0.3%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
é	78	18.3%
°	76	17.8%
æ	37	8.7%
½	34	8.0%
ö	22	5.2%
á	20	4.7%
Æ	14	3.3%
è	14	3.3%
œ	11	2.6%
£	11	2.6%
Other values (27)	109	25.6%

Google WC
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	76
Distinct (%)	1.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	171.9602

Minimum	125
Maximum	205
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	125
5-th percentile	143
Q1	158
median	174
Q3	186
95-th percentile	197
Maximum	205
Range	80
Interquartile range (IQR)	28

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	16.988921
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.098795656
Kurtosis	-0.99875435
Mean	171.9602
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	14
Skewness	-0.25087257
Sum	812340
Variance	288.62344
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
179	107	2.3%
197	105	2.2%
189	103	2.2%
161	102	2.2%
177	101	2.1%
185	99	2.1%
191	99	2.1%
175	98	2.1%
192	97	2.1%
182	97	2.1%
Other values (66)	3716	78.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
125	1	< 0.1%
126	1	< 0.1%
129	1	< 0.1%
132	1	< 0.1%
133	1	< 0.1%
134	3	0.1%
135	5	0.1%
136	5	0.1%
137	12	0.3%
138	16	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
205	2	< 0.1%
203	3	0.1%
202	7	0.1%
201	11	0.2%
200	25	0.5%
199	52	1.1%
198	61	1.3%
197	105	2.2%
196	70	1.5%
195	75	1.6%

Joon WC v1
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	86
Distinct (%)	1.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	176.92549

Minimum	135
Maximum	220
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	135
5-th percentile	146
Q1	162
median	178
Q3	191
95-th percentile	204
Maximum	220
Range	85
Interquartile range (IQR)	29

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	18.173592
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1027189
Kurtosis	-0.86274809
Mean	176.92549
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	14
Skewness	-0.13168323
Sum	835796
Variance	330.27943
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
193	100	2.1%
177	100	2.1%
190	97	2.1%
184	97	2.1%
198	97	2.1%
188	96	2.0%
189	96	2.0%
196	95	2.0%
183	93	2.0%
185	93	2.0%
Other values (76)	3760	79.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
135	3	0.1%
136	3	0.1%
137	1	< 0.1%
138	3	0.1%
139	1	< 0.1%
140	24	0.5%
141	24	0.5%
142	32	0.7%
143	34	0.7%
144	34	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
220	5	0.1%
219	5	0.1%
218	5	0.1%
217	6	0.1%
216	8	0.2%
215	8	0.2%
214	6	0.1%
213	14	0.3%
212	12	0.3%
211	13	0.3%

British WC
Real number (ℝ)

ZEROS

Distinct	8
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.12933954

Minimum	0
Maximum	9
Zeros	4280
Zeros (%)	90.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	1
Maximum	9
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.47104911
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.6419574
Kurtosis	51.392443
Mean	0.12933954
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	5.6099155
Sum	611
Variance	0.22188726
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=8)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	4280	90.6%
1	330	7.0%
2	78	1.7%
3	29	0.6%
5	3	0.1%
4	2	< 0.1%
9	1	< 0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	4280	90.6%
1	330	7.0%
2	78	1.7%
3	29	0.6%
4	2	< 0.1%
5	3	0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%
9	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9	1	< 0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%
5	3	0.1%
4	2	< 0.1%
3	29	0.6%
2	78	1.7%
1	330	7.0%
0	4280	90.6%

British Words
Text

MISSING

Distinct	250
Distinct (%)	56.3%
Missing	4280
Missing (%)	90.6%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Length

Max length	65
Median length	35
Mean length	11.31982
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	5026
Distinct characters	27
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	173 ?
Unique (%)	39.0%

Sample

1st row	traveller
2nd row	sceptre
3rd row	grey
4th row	aeroplane
5th row	axe

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
grey	34	5.6%
travelled	28	4.6%
colour	20	3.3%
metres	18	2.9%
centre	15	2.5%
axe	11	1.8%
travelling	11	1.8%
theatre	11	1.8%
mould	10	1.6%
kilometres	10	1.6%
Other values (186)	443	72.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	644	12.8%
r	515	10.2%
l	410	8.2%
o	367	7.3%
a	324	6.4%
u	292	5.8%
s	273	5.4%
t	237	4.7%
i	234	4.7%
n	189	3.8%
Other values (17)	1541	30.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	4692	93.4%
Other Punctuation	167	3.3%
Space Separator	167	3.3%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	644	13.7%
r	515	11.0%
l	410	8.7%
o	367	7.8%
a	324	6.9%
u	292	6.2%
s	273	5.8%
t	237	5.1%
i	234	5.0%
n	189	4.0%
Other values (15)	1207	25.7%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
,	167	100.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	167	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	4692	93.4%
Common	334	6.6%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	644	13.7%
r	515	11.0%
l	410	8.7%
o	367	7.8%
a	324	6.9%
u	292	6.2%
s	273	5.8%
t	237	5.1%
i	234	5.0%
n	189	4.0%
Other values (15)	1207	25.7%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
,	167	50.0%
	167	50.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	5026	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	644	12.8%
r	515	10.2%
l	410	8.2%
o	367	7.3%
a	324	6.4%
u	292	5.8%
s	273	5.4%
t	237	4.7%
i	234	4.7%
n	189	3.8%
Other values (17)	1541	30.7%

Sentence Count v1
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	38
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	9.5707028

Minimum	2
Maximum	41
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	5
Q1	7
median	8
Q3	11
95-th percentile	19
Maximum	41
Range	39
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.6401616
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.48482977
Kurtosis	5.2743914
Mean	9.5707028
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	1.8963455
Sum	45212
Variance	21.5311
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=38)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	676	14.3%
7	651	13.8%
6	563	11.9%
9	501	10.6%
10	405	8.6%
5	338	7.2%
11	301	6.4%
12	232	4.9%
13	155	3.3%
4	135	2.9%
Other values (28)	767	16.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	19	0.4%
3	56	1.2%
4	135	2.9%
5	338	7.2%
6	563	11.9%
7	651	13.8%
8	676	14.3%
9	501	10.6%
10	405	8.6%
11	301	6.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
41	1	< 0.1%
39	1	< 0.1%
38	2	< 0.1%
37	1	< 0.1%
36	1	< 0.1%
35	3	0.1%
33	2	< 0.1%
32	2	< 0.1%
31	8	0.2%
30	7	0.1%

Sentence Count v2
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	39
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	9.7523285

Minimum	2
Maximum	41
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	5
Q1	7
median	9
Q3	11
95-th percentile	19
Maximum	41
Range	39
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.6813387
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.48002266
Kurtosis	5.2278219
Mean	9.7523285
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	1.8978978
Sum	46070
Variance	21.914932
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=39)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	663	14.0%
7	646	13.7%
9	535	11.3%
6	517	10.9%
10	412	8.7%
11	325	6.9%
5	302	6.4%
12	244	5.2%
13	168	3.6%
14	142	3.0%
Other values (29)	770	16.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	12	0.3%
3	45	1.0%
4	135	2.9%
5	302	6.4%
6	517	10.9%
7	646	13.7%
8	663	14.0%
9	535	11.3%
10	412	8.7%
11	325	6.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
41	1	< 0.1%
40	1	< 0.1%
38	1	< 0.1%
37	1	< 0.1%
36	1	< 0.1%
35	2	< 0.1%
34	4	0.1%
33	4	0.1%
32	3	0.1%
31	5	0.1%

Paragraphs
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	18
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2.542337

Minimum	1
Maximum	20
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	2
Q3	3
95-th percentile	6
Maximum	20
Range	19
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.8662981
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7340876
Kurtosis	8.8809902
Mean	2.542337
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	2.2850584
Sum	12010
Variance	3.4830685
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=18)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1644	34.8%
2	1263	26.7%
3	812	17.2%
4	435	9.2%
5	253	5.4%
6	128	2.7%
7	81	1.7%
8	44	0.9%
10	19	0.4%
9	19	0.4%
Other values (8)	26	0.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1644	34.8%
2	1263	26.7%
3	812	17.2%
4	435	9.2%
5	253	5.4%
6	128	2.7%
7	81	1.7%
8	44	0.9%
9	19	0.4%
10	19	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	1	< 0.1%
17	1	< 0.1%
16	2	< 0.1%
15	4	0.1%
14	5	0.1%
13	1	< 0.1%
12	7	0.1%
11	5	0.1%
10	19	0.4%
9	19	0.4%

BT Easiness
Real number (ℝ)

UNIQUE

Distinct	4724
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-0.95763863

Minimum	-3.6762678
Maximum	1.7113898
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	3831
Negative (%)	81.1%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-3.6762678
5-th percentile	-2.7037429
Q1	-1.6965546
median	-0.90909418
Q3	-0.20342801
95-th percentile	0.68065368
Maximum	1.7113898
Range	5.3876576
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.4931266

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.0336564
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-1.0793804
Kurtosis	-0.48537058
Mean	-0.95763863
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.7480769
Skewness	-0.13451472
Sum	-4523.8849
Variance	1.0684455
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.340259125	1	< 0.1%
-2.273949732	1	< 0.1%
-3.431114154	1	< 0.1%
-0.755286774	1	< 0.1%
-0.803262973	1	< 0.1%
-0.519230627	1	< 0.1%
-2.141945369	1	< 0.1%
-0.081595481	1	< 0.1%
-0.357133172	1	< 0.1%
-0.437143526	1	< 0.1%
Other values (4714)	4714	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-3.676267773	1	< 0.1%
-3.66836041	1	< 0.1%
-3.64289216	1	< 0.1%
-3.639935554	1	< 0.1%
-3.636833783	1	< 0.1%
-3.596750775	1	< 0.1%
-3.591318724	1	< 0.1%
-3.590328227	1	< 0.1%
-3.585369303	1	< 0.1%
-3.549190203	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.711389827	1	< 0.1%
1.658697523	1	< 0.1%
1.597869841	1	< 0.1%
1.583846826	1	< 0.1%
1.58010057	1	< 0.1%
1.546966393	1	< 0.1%
1.541671879	1	< 0.1%
1.467665465	1	< 0.1%
1.465592368	1	< 0.1%
1.465054812	1	< 0.1%

BT s.e.
Real number (ℝ)

UNIQUE

Distinct	4724
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.49121615

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.6496713
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.45083726
Q1	0.46866285
median	0.48445233
Q3	0.50614283
95-th percentile	0.55662515
Maximum	0.6496713
Range	0.6496713
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.037479982

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.033998652
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.069213221
Kurtosis	11.758801
Mean	0.49121615
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.018108844
Skewness	0.71895997
Sum	2320.5051
Variance	0.0011559083
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.464009046	1	< 0.1%
0.514694232	1	< 0.1%
0.600151746	1	< 0.1%
0.484693766	1	< 0.1%
0.46455111	1	< 0.1%
0.479176332	1	< 0.1%
0.526451773	1	< 0.1%
0.507193133	1	< 0.1%
0.481407983	1	< 0.1%
0.462594537	1	< 0.1%
Other values (4714)	4714	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
0.427220021	1	< 0.1%
0.428232657	1	< 0.1%
0.430425066	1	< 0.1%
0.43129656	1	< 0.1%
0.431815319	1	< 0.1%
0.433000257	1	< 0.1%
0.433103135	1	< 0.1%
0.43370786	1	< 0.1%
0.434138091	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.649671297	1	< 0.1%
0.649028675	1	< 0.1%
0.648732745	1	< 0.1%
0.648481117	1	< 0.1%
0.648473916	1	< 0.1%
0.648174341	1	< 0.1%
0.64783414	1	< 0.1%
0.646942357	1	< 0.1%
0.646906876	1	< 0.1%
0.646899678	1	< 0.1%

Kaggle split
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	37.0 KiB

Train	2834
Test	1890

Length

Max length	5
Median length	5
Mean length	4.5999153
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	21730
Distinct characters	8
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Train
2nd row	Train
3rd row	Train
4th row	Test
5th row	Train

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Train	2834	60.0%
Test	1890	40.0%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
train	2834	60.0%
test	1890	40.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
T	4724	21.7%
r	2834	13.0%
a	2834	13.0%
i	2834	13.0%
n	2834	13.0%
e	1890	8.7%
s	1890	8.7%
t	1890	8.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	17006	78.3%
Uppercase Letter	4724	21.7%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
r	2834	16.7%
a	2834	16.7%
i	2834	16.7%
n	2834	16.7%
e	1890	11.1%
s	1890	11.1%
t	1890	11.1%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
T	4724	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	21730	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
T	4724	21.7%
r	2834	13.0%
a	2834	13.0%
i	2834	13.0%
n	2834	13.0%
e	1890	8.7%
s	1890	8.7%
t	1890	8.7%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	21730	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
T	4724	21.7%
r	2834	13.0%
a	2834	13.0%
i	2834	13.0%
n	2834	13.0%
e	1890	8.7%
s	1890	8.7%
t	1890	8.7%

Auto

Heatmap
Table

	BT Easiness	BT s.e.	British WC	Category	Google WC	ID	Joon WC v1	Kaggle split	Location	MPAA Max	Paragraphs	Pub Year	Sentence Count v1	Sentence Count v2	Source
BT Easiness	1.000	-0.048	-0.117	0.303	-0.118	-0.048	-0.031	0.000	0.065	0.064	0.248	0.127	0.376	0.368	0.147
BT s.e.	-0.048	1.000	-0.010	0.069	0.013	0.044	0.009	0.000	0.019	0.000	-0.013	-0.048	0.014	0.008	0.033
British WC	-0.117	-0.010	1.000	0.039	0.049	0.016	0.036	0.000	0.061	0.000	-0.019	-0.037	-0.024	-0.020	0.039
Category	0.303	0.069	0.039	1.000	-0.038	0.238	0.067	0.000	0.148	0.093	0.161	-0.392	0.103	0.119	0.635
Google\nWC	-0.118	0.013	0.049	-0.038	1.000	-0.036	0.953	0.043	0.107	0.044	0.021	0.001	0.246	0.251	0.102
ID	-0.048	0.044	0.016	0.238	-0.036	1.000	-0.007	0.083	0.209	0.195	0.062	-0.492	-0.133	-0.130	0.397
Joon\nWC v1	-0.031	0.009	0.036	0.067	0.953	-0.007	1.000	0.000	0.085	0.031	0.167	-0.021	0.360	0.367	0.121
Kaggle split	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.043	0.083	0.000	1.000	0.025	0.029	-0.031	0.009	-0.029	-0.034	0.113
Location	0.065	0.019	0.061	0.148	0.107	0.209	0.085	0.025	1.000	0.000	0.103	0.230	0.082	0.080	0.276
MPAA\nMax	0.064	0.000	0.000	0.093	0.044	0.195	0.031	0.029	0.000	1.000	-0.023	0.092	-0.011	-0.013	0.069
Paragraphs	0.248	-0.013	-0.019	0.161	0.021	0.062	0.167	-0.031	0.103	-0.023	1.000	-0.014	0.338	0.334	0.143
Pub Year	0.127	-0.048	-0.037	-0.392	0.001	-0.492	-0.021	0.009	0.230	0.092	-0.014	1.000	0.280	0.270	0.316
Sentence\nCount v1	0.376	0.014	-0.024	0.103	0.246	-0.133	0.360	-0.029	0.082	-0.011	0.338	0.280	1.000	0.976	0.280
Sentence\nCount v2	0.368	0.008	-0.020	0.119	0.251	-0.130	0.367	-0.034	0.080	-0.013	0.334	0.270	0.976	1.000	0.283
Source	0.147	0.033	0.039	0.635	0.102	0.397	0.121	0.113	0.276	0.069	0.143	0.316	0.280	0.283	1.000

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

The correlation heatmap measures nullity correlation: how strongly the presence or absence of one variable affects the presence of another.

First rows
Last rows

	ID	Author	Title	Source	Pub Year	Category	Location	MPAA Max	Excerpt	Google WC	Joon WC v1	British WC	British Words	Sentence Count v1	Sentence Count v2	Paragraphs	BT Easiness	BT s.e.	Kaggle split
0	400	Carolyn Wells	Patty's Suitors	gutenberg	1914.0	Lit	mid	G	When the young people returned to the ballroom, it presented a decidedly changed appearance. Instead of an interior scene, it was a winter landscape.\nThe floor was covered with snow-white canvas, not laid on smoothly, but rumpled over bumps and hillocks, like a real snow field. The numerous palms and evergreens that had decorated the room, were powdered with flour and strewn with tufts of cotton, like snow. Also diamond dust had been lightly sprinkled on them, and glittering crystal icicles hung from the branches.\nAt each end of the room, on the wall, hung a beautiful bear-skin rug.\nThese rugs were for prizes, one for the girls and one for the boys. And this was the game.\nThe girls were gathered at one end of the room and the boys at the other, and one end was called the North Pole, and the other the South Pole. Each player was given a small flag which they were to plant on reaching the Pole.\nThis would have been an easy matter, but each traveller was obliged to wear snowshoes.	174	179	1	traveller	11	11	6	-0.340259	0.464009	Train
1	401	Carolyn Wells	Two Little Women on a Holiday	gutenberg	1917.0	Lit	mid	PG	All through dinner time, Mrs. Fayre was somewhat silent, her eyes resting on Dolly with a wistful, uncertain expression. She wanted to give the child the pleasure she craved, but she had hard work to bring herself to the point of overcoming her own objections.\nAt last, however, when the meal was nearly over, she smiled at her little daughter, and said, "All right, Dolly, you may go."\n"Oh, mother!" Dolly cried, overwhelmed with sudden delight. "Really?\nOh, I am so glad! Are you sure you're willing?"\n"I've persuaded myself to be willing, against my will," returned Mrs. Fayre, whimsically. "I confess I just hate to have you go, but I can't bear to deprive you of the pleasure trip. And, as you say, it would also keep Dotty at home, and so, altogether, I think I shall have to give in."\n"Oh, you angel mother! You blessed lady! How good you are!" And Dolly flew around the table and gave her mother a hug that nearly suffocated her.	164	184	0	NaN	15	15	6	-0.315372	0.480805	Train
2	402	Carolyn Wells	Patty Blossom	gutenberg	1917.0	Lit	mid	PG	As Roger had predicted, the snow departed as quickly as it came, and two days after their sleigh ride there was scarcely a vestige of white on the ground. Tennis was again possible and a great game was in progress on the court at Pine Laurel. Patty and Roger were playing against Elise and Sam Blaney, and the pairs were well matched.\nBut the long-contested victory finally went against Patty, and she laughingly accepted defeat.\n"Only because Patty's not quite back on her game yet," Roger defended; "this child has been on the sick list, you know, Sam, and she isn't up to her own mark."\n"Well, I like that!" cried Patty; "suppose you bear half the blame, Roger. You see, Mr. Blaney, he is so absorbed in his own Love Game, he can't play with his old-time skill."\n"All right, Patsy, let it go at that. And it's so, too. I suddenly remembered something Mona told me to tell you, and it affected my service."	162	180	0	NaN	11	11	5	-0.580118	0.476676	Train
3	403	CHARLES KINGSLEY	THE WATER-BABIES\nA Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby	gutenberg	1863.0	Lit	mid	PG-13	Mr. Grimes was to come up next morning to Sir John Harthover's, at the Place, for his old chimney-sweep was gone to prison, and the chimneys wanted sweeping. And so he rode away, not giving Tom time to ask what the sweep had gone to prison for, which was a matter of interest to Tom, as he had been in prison once or twice himself. Moreover, the groom looked so very neat and clean, with his drab gaiters, drab breeches, drab jacket, snow-white tie with a smart pin in it, and clean round ruddy face, that Tom was offended and disgusted at his appearance, and considered him a stuck-up fellow, who gave himself airs because he wore smart clothes, and other people paid for them; and went behind the wall to fetch the half-brick after all; but did not, remembering that he had come in the way of business, and was, as it were, under a flag of truce.	159	160	0	NaN	3	3	1	-1.785965	0.526599	Test
4	404	Charles Kingsley	HOW THE ARGONAUTS WERE DRIVEN INTO THE UNKNOWN SEA	gutenberg	1889.0	Lit	mid	PG	And outside before the palace a great garden was walled round, filled full of stately fruit-trees, gray olives and sweet figs, and pomegranates, pears, and apples, which bore the whole year round. For the rich south-west wind fed them, till pear grew ripe on pear, fig on fig, and grape on grape, all the winter and the spring. And at the farther end gay flower-beds bloomed through all seasons of the year; and two fair fountains rose, and ran, one through the garden grounds, and one beneath the palace gate, to water all the town. Such noble gifts the heavens had given to Alcinous the wise.\nSo they went in, and saw him sitting, like Poseidon, on his throne, with his golden sceptre by him, in garments stiff with gold, and in his hand a sculptured goblet, as he pledged the merchant kings; and beside him stood Arete, his wise and lovely queen, and leaned against a pillar as she spun her golden threads.	163	164	1	sceptre	5	5	2	-1.054013	0.450007	Train
5	405	Charles Madison Curry\n Erle Elsworth Clippinger	The Three Little Bears	gutenberg	1920.0	Lit	mid	G	Once upon a time there were Three Bears who lived together in a house of their own in a wood. One of them was a Little, Small, Wee Bear; and one was a Middle-sized Bear, and the other was a Great, Huge Bear. They had each a pot for their porridge; a little pot for the Little, Small, Wee Bear; and a middle-sized pot for the Middle Bear; and a great pot for the Great, Huge Bear. And they had each a chair to sit in; a little chair for the Little, Small, Wee Bear; and a middle-sized chair for the Middle Bear; and a great chair for the Great, Huge Bear. And they had each a bed to sleep in; a little bed for the Little, Small, Wee Bear; and a middle-sized bed for the Middle Bear; and a great bed for the Great, Huge Bear.	147	147	0	NaN	5	5	1	0.247197	0.510845	Train
6	406	Clair W. Hayes	The Boy Allies On the Firing Line\n Or, Twelve Days Battle Along the Marne	gutenberg	1915.0	Lit	mid	PG	Hal and Chester found ample time to take an inventory of the general's car. It was a huge machine, and besides being fitted up luxuriously was also furnished as an office, that the general might still be at work while he hurried from one part of the field to another when events demanded his immediate presence. Even now, with treachery threatening, and whirling along at a terrific speed, General Joffre, probably because of habit, fell to work sorting papers, studying maps and other drawings.\nFor almost two hours the car whirled along at top speed, and at length pulled up in the rear of an immense body of troops, who, even to Hal and Chester, could be seen preparing for an advance. General Joffre was out of the car before it came to a full stop, and Hal and Chester were at his heels. An orderly approached.\n"My respects to General Tromp, and tell him I desire his presence immediately," ordered General Joffre.	161	166	0	NaN	7	7	3	-0.861809	0.480936	Train
7	407	Clair W. Hayes	The Boy Allies in Great Peril	gutenberg	1916.0	Lit	mid	PG-13	Hal Paine and Chester Crawford were typical American boys. With the former's mother, they had been in Berlin when the great European conflagration broke out and had been stranded there. Mrs. Paine had been able to get out of the country, but Hal and Chester were left behind.\nIn company with Major Raoul Derevaux, a Frenchman, and Captain Harry Anderson, an Englishman, they finally made their way into Belgium, where they arrived in time to take part in the heroic defense of Liége in the early stages of the war. Here they rendered such invaluable service to the Belgian commander that they were commissioned lieutenants in the little army of King Albert.\nBoth in fighting and in scouting they had proven their worth. Following the first Belgian campaign, the two lads had seen service with the British troops on the continent, where they were attached to the staff of General Sir John French, in command of the English forces. Also they had won the respect and admiration of General Joffre, the French commander-in-chief.	171	174	0	NaN	8	8	3	-1.759061	0.476507	Train
8	408	Clair W. Hayes	The Boy Allies At Verdun	gutenberg	1917.0	Lit	start	PG	On the twenty-second of February, 1916, an automobile sped northward along the French battle line that for almost two years had held back the armies of the German emperor, strive as they would to win their way farther into the heart of France. For months the opposing forces had battled to a draw from the North Sea to the boundary of Switzerland, until now, as the day waned—it was almost six o'clock—the hands of time drew closer and closer to the hour that was to mark the opening of the most bitter and destructive battle of the war, up to this time.\nIt was the eve of the battle of Verdun.\nThe occupants of the automobile as it sped northward numbered three. In the front seat, alone at the driver's wheel, a young man bent low. He was garbed in the uniform of a British lieutenant of cavalry. Close inspection would have revealed the fact that the young man was a youth of some eighteen years, fair and good to look upon.	170	173	0	NaN	7	8	3	-0.952325	0.498116	Train
9	409	Claude A. Labelle	The Ranger Boys and the Border Smugglers	gutenberg	1922.0	Lit	mid	PG	The boys left the capitol and made their way down the long hill to the main business part of the town. As they struck onto the main business street, Garry noticed the familiar blue bell sign of the telephone company.\n"Say, boys, I have an idea. Let's stop in here and put in long distance calls and say hello to our folks. How does the idea strike you?" said Garry, almost in one breath.\n"Ripping," shouted Phil, while Dick didn't wait to make any remark, but dived in through the door, and in a trice was putting in his call. Phil followed suit, while Garry waited, as he would talk when Dick had finished.\nThis pleasant duty done, they went to a restaurant for dinner. Here they attracted no little attention, for their khaki clothes looked almost like uniforms. Added to this was the fact that they wore forest shoepacks, those high laced moccasins with an extra leather sole, and felt campaign hats.	160	169	0	NaN	11	10	4	-0.371641	0.463710	Train

	ID	Author	Title	Source	Pub Year	Category	Location	MPAA Max	Excerpt	Google WC	Joon WC v1	British Words	Sentence Count v1	Sentence Count v2	Paragraphs	BT Easiness	BT s.e.	Kaggle split
4714	8022	original text by Steve Whitt\nadapted by Jessica Fries-Gaither	A Tundra Tale	static.ehe.osu.edu	2008.0	Info	start	G	Near the top of the world is land called tundra. The tundra is flat and has no trees. It is covered by snow and ice most of the year. \nIn the spring, the snow and ice melt. Beneath the ground, the soil stays frozen. The ground gets very soggy. It is a marsh.\nSmall yellow flowers grow from the cold, wet ground. They are called marsh marigolds.\nFlies hide in the flowers. They soak up the Sun’s energy and get warm.\nThe flies fly from flower to flower. They help the flowers make seeds.\nCaribou eat the flowers. The caribou also give the plants the nutrients they need to grow.\nMother flies lay their eggs inside the caribou’s nose. It is warm there. The young flies eat and grow.\nThe young flies get bigger. AH-CHOO! The caribou sneezes. The flies land on the ground. Soon, they will be adults.\nThese plants and animals need each other. Can you think of others?	154	161	NaN	25	25	9	0.608108	0.505921	Train
4715	8023	Stephen Whitt	Dinosaurs in the Dark	beyondpenguins	2008.0	Info	start	G	When you think of dinosaurs and where they lived, what do you picture? Do you see hot, steamy swamps, thick jungles, or sunny plains? Dinosaurs lived in those places, yes. But did you know that some dinosaurs lived in the cold and the darkness near the North and South Poles?\nThis surprised scientists, too. Paleontologists used to believe that dinosaurs lived only in the warmest parts of the world. They thought that dinosaurs could only have lived in places where turtles, crocodiles, and snakes live today. Later, these dinosaur scientists began finding bones in surprising places.\nOne of those surprising fossil beds is a place called Dinosaur Cove, Australia. One hundred million years ago, Australia was connected to Antarctica. Both continents were located near the South Pole. Today, paleontologists dig dinosaur fossils out of the ground. They think about what those ancient bones must mean.	143	145	NaN	13	13	3	1.711390	0.646900	Train
4716	8024	wikijunior	Introduction to The Elements	wikibooks	2013.0	Info	start	G	The whole universe is built of matter. Right now, you are surrounded by it. The air we breathe is matter, and all the things you see around you are matter. The odors you smell are matter and the sounds you hear are caused by the movement of matter in your ears.\nMatter is everything that takes up space and has weight. Scientists say that matter has volume and mass. Matter is made up of tiny building blocks called atoms. The purest type of atom is called an element. The elements are what give matter its different qualities.\nToday we can see atoms by using a special instrument called an electron microscope. An electron microscope lets us see things that are millions of times smaller than the things we can see with a powerful optical microscope.\nMost of the matter around us has more than one element in it. But some matter is made up of just one element. If you have ever held a diamond, for example, it is made of just one element, Carbon.	172	175	NaN	14	14	4	0.650829	0.544809	Test
4717	8025	wikijunior	Solid Basics	wikibooks	2019.0	Info	start	G	So what is a solid? Solids are usually hard because their molecules have been packed together. The closer your molecules are, the harder you are. Solids also can hold their own shape. A rock will always look like a rock unless something happens to it. The same goes for a diamond. Even when you grind up a solid into a powder, you will see tiny little pieces of that solid under a microscope. Liquids will move and fill up any container. Solids keep their shape.\nIn the same way that a solid holds its shape, the atoms inside of a solid are not allowed to move around too much. This is one of the physical characteristics of solids. Atoms and molecules in liquids and gases are bouncing and floating around, free to move where they want. The molecules in a solid are stuck in place. The atoms still spin and the electrons will still fly around, but the entire atom will not change position.	163	164	NaN	14	14	2	0.189476	0.535648	Train
4718	8026	wikijunior	Liquid Basics	wikibooks	2020.0	Info	start	G	The second state of matter we will discuss is a liquid. Solids are hard things you can hold. Gases are floating around you and in bubbles. What is a liquid? Water is a liquid. Your blood is a liquid. Liquids are an in-between state of matter. They can be found in between the solid and gas states. They don't have to be made up of the same compounds. If you have a variety of materials in a liquid, it is called a solution.\nOne characteristic of a liquid is that it will fill up the shape of a container. If you pour some water in a cup, it will fill up the bottom of the cup first and then fill the rest. The water will also take the shape of the cup. It fills the bottom first because of gravity. The top part of a liquid will usually have a flat surface. That flat surface is because of gravity too. Putting an ice cube (solid) into a cup will leave you with a cube in the middle of the cup; the shape won't change until the ice becomes a liquid.	189	190	NaN	17	17	2	0.255209	0.483866	Train
4719	8027	wikijunior	Bugs/Monarch butterfly	wikibooks	2019.0	Info	start	G	The name Monarch means “king”. An adult Monarch Butterfly is about 1 ½ inches long. Its body is black with white markings. There are white spots on the head and around the wing edges. The wings are bright orange with black veins. The undersides of the wings are light orange. Male Monarchs have a black spot on the back of each hind wing.\nWings have 2 parts: a forewing and a hind wing. The wing span can be up to 4 inches across. The back edges of the wings are called “margins”. They bend to push air backward and move the butterfly forward. The stiff front edges of the wings lift the butterfly in flight. Black veins create a framework that keeps the wings stable. Female wing veins are thicker than those of males.\nMonarch Butterflies come from yellow, black, and white striped caterpillars. Monarch caterpillars grow to about 2 inches in length. They have 2 tentacles that look like antennae at the front of the body, and 2 tentacles at the back.	171	173	NaN	17	17	3	0.423388	0.511439	Test
4720	8028	wikijunior	Bugs/Walking Stick	wikibooks	2020.0	Info	start	G	Walking Sticks are long, thin, and slow-moving bugs, that looks like a stick, twig or branch. They are also called walking sticks. Males tend to be smaller than females. The colors are usually brown or green, but may be grey or shades of red. Also some are shaded orange, but in little places. Stripes, spots, and speckles are more common than solid. Males usually have wings, but females are most likely wingless. Short, tough forewings protect the larger fan-shaped hind wings.\nThe common American Walking Stick is slender and shiny with long antennas. The adult male is 2 to 3 inches long with bands of color,while the adult female is 4 to 5 inches long.\nThe New Guinea Spiny Stick Insect is big and bulky. It can grow to 4-1/2 inches to 6 inches long. It resembles a branch more than a slender stick. The colors are dark brown to black. Their legs are thick and prickly. Adult males have a long thorn on each hind leg. Nymphs, another type new type of walking stick, have green-and-brown patterns.	176	178	NaN	17	17	3	-0.614142	0.475506	Test
4721	8029	wikijunior	Bugs/Black Widow	wikibooks	2020.0	Info	start	G	A Black Widow is a shiny black spider. It has an orange or red mark that looks like an hourglass. Its abdomen is shaped like a sphere and has an hourglass mark on the bottom. Often there are just two red marks separated by black. Females sometimes have the hourglass shape on top of the abdomen above the silk-spinning organs (spinnerets). Females are usually about 1-1/2 inches long including their leg span. In areas where grapes grow, females are very small and round. They resemble shiny black or red grapes.\nMale Black Widows are much smaller than females. Their bodies are only about 1/4 inch long. They can be either gray or black. They do not have an hourglass mark, but may have red spots on the abdomen.\nBlack widows are sometimes called “comb-footed” spiders. The bristles on their hind legs are used to cover trapped prey with silk.\nYoung spiders are called “spiderlings”. They shed their outer covering (exoskeleton) as they grow. Spiderlings are orange, brown, or white at first and get darker each time they shed their skin (molt).	178	181	NaN	17	17	4	0.310336	0.508939	Test
4722	8030	wikijunior	Solids	wikibooks	2014.0	Info	start	G	Solids are shapes that you can actually touch. They have three dimensions, which means that the have length, width and height. These shapes are what make up our daily life, and are very useful. Points on a solid must not be coplanar or colinear. The edge of solids are called the edge, and the surfaces are called faces. The corners, like angles and plane figures, are called vertices.\nA solid with only straight edges is called a polyhedron(pol-ee-HEE-dron). The plural form of polehedron is polyhedra(pol-ee-HEE-drah). Your chocolate bars are polyhedra, The Great Pyramids are polyhedra – a lot of things are. We will go into detail about them later.\nWhen dealing with these solid figures, there are two measurements we will need to know: the total surface area and the volume. The former is the sum of the faces of the solid; the latter is how big the solid is.	148	150	NaN	12	12	3	-0.215279	0.514128	Train
4723	8031	wikijunior	Anials	wikibooks	2018.0	Info	start	G	Animals are made of many cells. They eat things and digest them inside. Most animals can move. Only animals have brains (though not even all animals do; jellyfish, for example, do not have brains).\nAnimals are found all over the earth. They dig in the ground, swim in the oceans, and fly in the sky.\nHumans are a type of animal. So are dogs, cats, cows, horses, frogs, fish, and so on and on.\nAnimals can be divided into two main groups, vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates can be further divided into mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Invertebrates can be divided into arthropods (like insects, spiders, and crabs), mollusks, sponges, several different kinds of worms, jellyfish — and quite a few other subgroups. There are at least thirty kinds of invertebrates, compared to the five kinds of vertebrates. Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not.	143	146	NaN	13	13	4	0.300779	0.512379	Train

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